The border between Mexico and the United States is the second largest border in the world (only the U.S.-Canadian border is longer). The years after the fall of the dictator Porfirio Diaz (1877–1880 and 1884–1911) were marked by bloody political-military strife and trouble with the U.S., culminating in the punitive U.S. expedition into northern Mexico (1916–1917) in unsuccessful pursuit of the revolutionary Pancho Villa. Mexico City has the highest elevation and is oldest city in North America. After nearly 700 years of history, Mexico City is one of the largest and most important human metropolises on the planet. As its official name suggests, the Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States) incorporates 31 socially and physically diverse states and the Federal District. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books. The national symbol of Mexico is the Golden Eagle. 9The World Fact Book: Mexico. The Mesa Central, moister and generally flatter than the Mesa del Norte, is divided into a series of fairly level intermontane basins separated by eroded volcanic peaks. Migrants from impoverished rural areas have poured into Mexico’s cities, and nearly four-fifths of Mexicans now live in urban areas. The peninsula’s limestone (karst) terrain is generally pockmarked and uneven but seldom exceeds 500 feet (150 metres) in elevation. Its average elevations are similar to those of the Sierra Madre Occidental, but some peaks rise above 12,000 feet (3,650 metres). The Facts and History of Cinco de Mayo. Mexico is home to a very rare rabbit called the volcano rabbit which lives near Mexican volcanoes. Mexico has experienced a series of economic booms leading to periods of impressive social gains, followed by busts, with significant declines in living standards for the middle and lower classes. Relative to their bodies, Chihuahuas have the biggest brain in the dog world The Chihuahua is the world’s smallest dog and is named for a Mexican state. Mexico is secular state, which means that the state is neutral in matters of religion. For most of that distance, they face the Gulf of California while traversing the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit. It is this tremendous cultural and economic diversity, distributed over an enormously complex and varied physical environment, that gives Mexico its unique character. The Indian civilizations made important breakthroughs in agriculture and science. All rights reserved. One of the many interesting facts about Mexico and the Aztec history! The Cordillera Neo-Volcánica, also called the Neo-Volcanic Axis or Trans-Volcanic Axis, is a geologically active mountain range whose smoldering cinder cones link the Sierra Madre Occidental with the Sierra Madre Oriental at the southern edge of the Mesa Central. The depression is formed of small, irregular basins interrupted by hilly outcrops, which give the area a distinctive physical landscape. The picturesque Oaxaca Valley is the largest and most densely settled of these, with a predominantly indigenous population. It has been highly incised by westward-flowing streams that have formed a series of gorges, or barrancas, the most spectacular of which is the complex known as Copper Canyon (Barranca del Cobre) in southwestern Chihuahua state. Trans. 2002. As the renowned Mexican poet and intellectual Octavio Paz observed. Throughout the region, relatively flat intermontane basins and bolsones (ephemeral interior drainage basins) are interrupted by mountainous outcrops. Past epochs never vanish completely, and blood still drips from all their wounds, even the most ancient. Cities of Blood: Voyages Through Time. It is one of the poorest areas of Mexico. Our Lady of Guadalupe is the patron saint of Mexico. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Mexico introduced chillies, corn and chocolate to the world. Mexico is a land of extremes, with high mountains and deep canyons in the center of the country, sweeping deserts in the north, and dense rain forests in the south and east. The Olmec were the first, followed by the Maya, Toltec, Zapotec, Mixtec, and the Maya again. The largest valleys rarely exceed 100 square miles (260 square km) in area, and many others are quite small. Mexico's 1910 elections was a sham designed to keep long-term dictator Porfirio Diaz in power. 11 Interesting Facts about Mexico. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 2004. 5Gruzinski, Serge. The islands of Cozumel and Mujeres lie off the peninsula’s northeastern tip, near the resort boomtown of Cancún. The written history of Mexico spans more than three millennia. It has a total area of 1,964,375 square km. In 1910, under the guidance of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, Mexican peasants revolted against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to gain equality and land. 2Bernal, Ignatio. 2001. At least three great civilizations—the Mayas, the Olmecs, and the Toltecs—preceded the wealthy Aztec empire, conquered in 1519–1521 by the Spanish under Hernando Cortés. Although the vast Sonoran Desert dominates their northern section, parts of the lowlands have been irrigated and transformed into highly productive farmland. Here are a few of the more interesting and well-known figures who left their indelible mark on the history of the great nation of Mexico. Under the rule of Montezuma II, 12,000 victims were sacrificed in one day. While it is more than 1,850 miles (3,000 km) across from northwest to southeast, its width varies from less than 135 miles (217 km) at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) in the north. However, the majority of people don’t know the facts about Mexico, its culture, and its people.. Their opinion is based on stereotypes and bad press. The first major civilization of Mesoamerica, the Olmecs, populated southern Veracruz state and parts of Tabasco on Mexico's Gulf coast. Around Mexico City the weak, structurally unstable soils that remain have caused the colonial-era Metropolitan Cathedral and other buildings to shift on their foundations and, over many years, to list or sink unevenly into the ground. Mexico’s flag is made up three vertical stripes. The Mesa Central covers large parts of Michoacán, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and México states and the Federal District (Mexico City). The Pre Columbian Era. Mexico is an ancient land that, long before the arrival of the Europeans, had already seen the rise and fall of great Indian empires. Francisco I. Madero "lost" the election, but he was far from through. In the minds of most people, Mexico is usually seen as a beach resort destination or a corrupt narco-state run by drug lords. Guadalupe is also considered to be the link that unites Mexicans together, religiously and ethnically. 4Goodwin, William. Important characters in Mexican history like Hernán Cortés, Moctezuma, Emperor Maximilian, and President Porfirio Díaz incorporated Spanish and French food that left their mark on the actual Mexican cuisine. 2014 August - Mexico's Congress approves sweeping reforms to the country's energy sector … Mexico, country of southern North America and the third largest country in Latin America, after Brazil and Argentina. Mexico is also home to the most visite… The Maya and other Indians made impressive murals, sculptures, and jewellery. Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, Mexico. Sort out the random interesting facts about countries around the world. New York, NY: Henry N. Adams, Inc. 3Cobb, Allan B. In the USA, Mexican food is called Tex Mex. The Yucatán Peninsula lies to the northeast of the Tabasco Plain and extends northward, forming a divider between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. 3000 Years of Art and Life in Mexico. Mexico City, the capital, is one of the most populous cities and metropolitan areas in the world. Panoramic view of the coastal resort of Acapulco, Mex. The snowcapped peak of the volcano Iztaccíhuatl overlooking harvested corn in the agricultural region of Puebla state in the Mesa Central of Mexico. Mexico was the home to many great civilizations including the Olmec, the Maya, the Zapotec, and the Aztec. The Chiapas Highlands are an extension of the mountain ranges of Central America. Discover Mexico’s history, from pre-hispanic times, through the movement to independence, the revolution, and modern-times. who established many cities along the eastern coast of Mexico, sculpted the famous Colossal Heads, and worshipped a mysterious, unnamed. Images at War: Mexico from Columbus to Blade Runner (1492-2019). Its southern end rises 7,000–9,000 feet (2,100–2,700 metres) in the vicinity of Mexico City. In Mexico, struggling artists can pay taxes with their artwork. Mexican warriors threw hornet nests at enemies. The hot, dry Balsas Depression, which takes its name from the major river draining the region, is immediately south of the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. One of the most important facts about Mexico is that its been around for a very, very long time. The culture in Mexico is generally divided by geographical region, which identifies northern, southern, and central Mexico. The country's main religion is Roman Catholicism, embraced by 89% of the population. Which country claims "Waltzing Matilda" as their unofficial anthem? The Guadalupan name and image are national symbols and widely honored, especially as, according to legend, the name was chosen by the Virgin herself. It has a dynamic industrial base, vast mineral resources, a wide-ranging service sector, and the world’s largest population of Spanish speakers—about two and a half times that of Spain or Colombia. According to the CIA, Mexico consists of several ethnic groups. Professor Emeritus of Geography, San Diego State University, California. Many of its words, particularly for types of food, passed into English...such as tomatoes (, About 60% of the modern Mexican population is, Hernan Cortés had a native mistress and able translator Marina (La Malinche). #7: Mexico is home to the third highest peak in North America The Pico de Orizaba sits on the border between the Mexican states of Veracruz and Puebla and is the third-highest peak in North America after Mount McKinley in the United States and Mount Logan in Canada. The Southern Highlands are a series of highly dissected mountain ranges and plateaus, including the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mesa del Sur, and the Chiapas Highlands, also called the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Mexico the People. Mexican society is characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty, with a limited middle class wedged between an elite cadre of landowners and investors on the one hand and masses of rural and urban poor on the other. The National University of Mexico was founded in 1551 by Charles V of. In Mexico, artists can pay their taxes with their artworks. It is also the largest monument ever constructed in the world. Updates? 1Ackroyd, Peter. The history of Mexico is full of characters, from the legendarily inept politician Antonio López de Santa Anna to the tremendously talented yet tragic artist Frida Kahlo. The Mesa del Norte begins near the U.S. border; covers great stretches of the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Aguascalientes; and ends near San Luis Potosí city. Often considered an extension of the Rocky Mountains (which are cut by the Rio Grande but continue in New Mexico and western Texas), it runs roughly 700 miles (1,100 km) from north to south before merging with the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. Mesoamerican history before Europeans arrived is variously called the prehispanic era and the precolumbian era. The largest and most densely populated region is the inland Mexican Plateau, which is flanked by the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental. Mexico City is built over the ruins of a great Aztec city, Tenochtitlán. Mexico can be divided into nine major physiographic regions: Baja California, the Pacific Coastal Lowlands, the Mexican Plateau, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica, the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Southern Highlands, and the Yucatán Peninsula. These groups create a culture that is unique to Mexico. France temporarily invaded Veracruz in 1838 and in 1861 Napoleon III took Mexico City where he installed a Hapsburg archduke, Maximilian, as 'emperor' for a brief period. The Zapotec civilization (600 B.C.-A.D. 800) established great cities along southern Mexico and developed the first writing system in the Americas. León-Portilla, Miguel. Mexico City is … The Aztecs adopted human sacrifice from earlier cultures (such as the Olmecs) because they believed the universe would come to an end and the, In the fourteenth century, a group of Chichmecas (warrior nomads) called the Aztecs (or Mexicas) settled in Mexico when they saw an eagle (representing the, Mexico is located in the “Ring of Fire,” one of the. There is little surface drainage, and subterranean erosion has produced caverns and sinkholes (cenotes), the latter being formed when cavern roofs collapse. The country remains economically fragile despite the forging of stronger ties with the United States and Canada through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 7Merrell, Floyd. Mexico was prey to foreign powers. Now they are the name of Mexico's small population: Caucasian Europeans, Americans, and Canadians. Shells and stones on the Aztecs' ritual blades symbolized the faces of the gods for which the sacrificial hearts were intended. The descendants of the Aztecs speak a form of the Aztec language called Nahuatl. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, central and southern Mexico, (termed Mesoamerica), saw the rise and fall of complex indigenous civilizations. A chronology of key events in Mexico's history. In states such as Oaxaca or Chiapas, small communal villages remain where indigenous peasants live much as their ancestors did. Mexico City sinks between 0.2 and 1.3 feet each year. The left green stripe stands for hope, the middle white stripe represents purity, and the right red stripe represents the blood of those who died fighting for Mexico's independence. The central core of the peninsula is a granitic fault block with peaks of more than 9,000 feet (2,700 metres) above sea level in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir and Sierra de Juárez. The crystalline mountains, which achieve elevations of 7,000–8,000 feet (2,100–2,400 metres), often reach the sea to create a rugged coastal margin, part of which is known as the Mexican Riviera. 19) Mexico is home to the oldest university in North America. Among the active volcanic peaks of the region is El Chichón, which destroyed several villages in 1982. However, the less-hospitable inland basins provide a difficult environment for traditional peasant farmers. Mexico is located in one of the Earth’s most dynamic tectonic areas. Other popular sports include American Football, Basketball, and Baseball, a favorite of Mexico’s new president. © 2021 Fact Retriever LLC. The Sonoran Desert extends onto the peninsula along the northern end of the gulf. Metropolitan Cathedral at night in Mexico City. Early, Middle, and Late Formative periods, The age of Santa Anna: Texas and the Mexican-American War, The Mexican Revolution and its aftermath, 1910–40, The northern dynasty: Obregón and Calles, The election of López Obrador and the shift leftward, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Mexico, Mexico - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mexico - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Interesting Mexico Facts List: Mexico’s official name is Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States). In the north the Chihuahuan Desert covers a section of the plateau that is more extensive than the U.S. state of California. Mexican society is characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty, with a limited middle class wedged between an elite cadre of landowners and investors on the one hand and masses of rural and urban poor on the other. The red poinsettia (which the Aztecs called cuetlaxochitl) originated in Mexico and is named after Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first United States ambassador to Mexico (in the 1820s). Browse our immigration facts to learn more about the ebb & flow of the world's population. While the modern Mexican nation is only a few centuries old, its indigenous history goes back much further. Over the years, various tribal groups vied for power and created longstanding cultural traditions. Eventually Spanish Conquistadors took over the … Mexico’s urban growing pains are in sharp counterpoint to the traditional lifestyles that prevail in more-isolated rural areas. The Aztecs played ritual ball game known as. She gave birth to his first son, who is considered the first. Learn more about the Old Line State, including surprising history, famous residents, and fascinating cultural trivia with our magnificent Maryland facts. The first university in North America, and the second in the Americas, was the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. Mexico is situated on the western, or leading, edge of the huge North American Plate, whose interaction with the Pacific, Cocos, and Caribbean plates has given rise to numerous and severe earthquakes as well as the earth-building processes that produce southern Mexico’s rugged landscape. When Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortés arrived in 1519, the Aztecs believed he was their returning, Spanish conquerors brought bullfighting to Mexico, and, second to, While the charreada (a competitive sport similar to a rodeo) is Mexico's national sport, fútbol (. Accessed: May 5, 2017. The Gulf Coastal Plain, which is much wider than its Pacific coast counterpart, extends some 900 miles (1,450 km) along the Gulf of Mexico from Tamaulipas state (on the Texas border) through Veracruz and Tabasco states to the Yucatán Peninsula; it includes the Tabasco Plain in its southeastern section. In the 19th century, army officer Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna held a funeral for his severed leg. The largest pyramid in the world is the Great Pyramid of Cholula in Mexico. Trans. For over 3000 years before the Europeans arrived these civilizations flourished. It is also one of the largest cities in the world. Sometimes the most remote or hostile beliefs and feelings are found together in one city or one soul, or are superimposed like [pre-Columbian] pyramids that almost always conceal others. A group of highly dissected, folded, and faulted mountains is located between the valley and the Tabasco Plain, a southeastern extension of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Hidalgo is widely considered the father of modern Mexico, and Mexican Independence is celebrated on September 15-16. The plateau consists of the vast Mesa del Norte (Northern Plateau) and the smaller but heavily populated Mesa Central (Mesa de Anáhuac). Mexico’s history has been filled with economic instability, however today it is considered a regional and middle power. Read about the highest mountain in Mexico, its national symbol, population, tourism, language, cuisine, sporting culture and much more. As early as 300 B.C., indigenous people inhabited the area now known as Mexico. Modern Mexicans are a unique blend of many ancient civilizations, including the Olmec, Zapotec, Toltec, Maya, Aztec, Inca, African, French, and Spanish. The National University of Mexico was founded in 1551 by Charles V of Spain and is the oldest university in North America. The Chichen Itza Pyramid in Mexico was named one of the new Seven Wonders of the World. The triangular northern portion of the plain, which is characterized by lagoons and low-lying swampy areas, reaches a width of more than 100 miles (160 km) near the U.S. border but tapers toward the south. It is a part of the circum-Pacific “Ring of Fire”—a region of active volcanism and frequent seismic activity. Heather MacLean. 2003. The first printing press in North America was used in Mexico City in 1539. Chocolate, chilies, and corn are introduced to the world by Mexico. Historical Facts About Mexico City In the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes set out to build a new city on the ruins of the Aztec … The plateau tilts gently upward from the north toward the south; at its northern end, the Mesa del Norte is about 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level. One of the world’s youngest volcanoes, Parícutin emerged violently from the fields of Michoacán between 1943 and 1952. Mexico is the most populated Spanish-speaking country in the world. The Maya built many large temples and pyramids. They won independence in 1821. Valuing Cinco de Mayo In Margaritas, Avocados And Cerveza (Infographics). Visiting the Templo Mayor, the remains of an ancient temple, can give visitors a mesmerizing glimpse of Aztec history. Only ten countries in the world have a larger population than Mexico’s 109,955,400 people. Sharing a common border throughout its northern extent with the United States, Mexico is bounded to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1994, a group of Mexican peasants and farmers called the Zapatistas (named after Emiliano Zapata) started another revolt to highlight the differences between the rich and poor. Spain ruled Mexico as part of the viceroyalty of New Spain for the next 300 years until Sept. 16, 1810, when the Mexicans first revolted. Many of the basins were once sites of major lakes that were drained to facilitate European and mestizo settlement. The official name of Mexico is Estados Únidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States). Mexico. Learn some interesting information about Mexico while enjoying a range of fun facts and trivia that's perfect for kids! Interesting Mexican Culture Facts: The name 'Mexico' is derived from the Aztec word 'Mexica'. The Olmecs Did it First Mexico City is its capital and largest city. The Chihuahua is the world’s smallest dog and is named for a Mexican state. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Mexico’s size is 756,066 square miles, which is almost three times larger than, Mexican children do not receive presents on. From there the Mesa Central stretches to a point just south of Mexico City. Mexico is officially known as the United Mexican States. Among its towering volcanic peaks are Citlaltépetl (also called Orizaba), which forms the highest point in the country at 18,406 feet (5,610 metres), and the active volcano Popocatépetl, which rises to 17,930 feet (5,465 metres) to the southeast of Mexico City. 6Kalman, Bobbie. Mexico Facts for Kids. The Sierra Madre Oriental, a range of folded mountains formed of shales and limestones, is situated on the eastern side of the Mexican Plateau. The Baja California peninsula in northwestern Mexico is an isolated strip of extremely arid land extending between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez). As it crosses Mexico from Cape Corrientes on the west coast to Xalapa and Veracruz on the eastern coast, it forms a mountainous backdrop to the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, México, Morelos, and Puebla as well as the Federal District. The vast Sonoran Desert dominates their northern section, parts of Tabasco Mexico. 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